The Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe - 900 Words

There is a saying that â€Å"revenge is a dish best served cold†. That could not be truer in a story from Edgar Allan Poe. Edgar Allan Poe is a famous writer from the 19th Century. It is said that the name Poe should bring â€Å"images of murderers and madmen, premature burials, and mysterious women who return from the dead† (Poe s Life). He is mostly known as the inventor of science fiction and modern detective stories. Most of Poe’s tale are terror story’s with haunting lyric poetry. Poe had the best mysterious characters that captured the public imagination. It would only make sense that he had a mysterious story about revenge. Edgar Allan Poe uses irony to develop the characteristics of a man who seeks revenge in the short story, â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†. Edgar Allan Poe wrote the short story named, â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†. A cask is just a big round barrel of wine. Amontillado is a special type of wine. Understanding the meaning of the story makes the title of the story understandable. Edgar is such a gifted writer because the reader is able to feel like they are in the story. The overall theme of the story is revenge. Edgar created the voice Montresor, who is the narrator of the story. Montresor voice sounds calm, which is ironic because he is able to kill a man and manipulate people. Edgar starts the story off with a confusing sentence. He states, â€Å"the thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could, but when he ventured upon insult I vowed revenge† (Poe). TheShow MoreRelatedThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe888 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe In ?The Cask of Amontillado?, Edgar Allan Poe takes us on a trip into the mind of a mad man. Poe uses certain elements to convey an emotional impact. He utilizes irony, descriptive detail of setting, and dark character traits to create the search of sinful deceit. Poe also uses first person, where the narrator is the protagonist who is deeply involved. The purpose is to get the reader to no longer be the observer. He wants them to see with MontressorRead MoreThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe836 Words   |  3 Pagesqualities in the story. In the story many things are used as symbols such as the actual cask of amontillado, the trowel, the jester costume and the setting in which there is two in the story. Another literary technique used significantly in the story is irony. Irony is the expression of ones meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite. In the short story â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† Montresor a very troubled man who plans to seek revenge on another man named FortunatoRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe And The Cask Of Amontillado1384 Words   |  6 PagesWhat makes Edgar Allan Poe work unique? Other than being a strange individual, Poe has become a remarkable literature writer. The Raven, Annabel Lee, and The Cask of Amontillado are just a few of Poe’s work that staples the theme of gothic literature. This essay will allow you to see the gothic elements Edgar Allan Poe uses through his most common poems. Gothic literature has many elements which play into its definition. The actual definition is a style of writing that is characterized by elementsRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe906 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† was written in 1846, by Edgar Allan Poe. Born in 1809, Poe never knew any of his parents. At the age of three, his mother died of tuberculosis, and his father deserted the family before he was born. Taking care of him was his foster parents in Richmond, Virginia. They loved Poe, but were not supportive of his decisions and kept Poe poor. Having debt and not being able to provide food and clothes for himself caused Poe to quit school. Later, heRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe920 Words   |  4 Pageswhen that trust no longer exists? In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† written by Edgar Allan Poe, Fortunato is about to find the answer to this question. On the surface, Montresor seems friendly with Fortunato, but deep down he feels nothing but hate for him. Could this hatred have an irrationality that only Montresor understands? In different ways, both of these men are proud and affluent, yet both have downfalls that will l ead to a tragic ending. Edgar Allan Poe’s use of language contributes to the understandingRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1555 Words   |  7 PagesIn his writing, Edgar Allan Poe has multiple uses of direct and indirect characterization. In The Cask of Amontillado, Montresor had rules such as â€Å"I must not only punish but punish with impunity. A wrong is unredressed when retribution overtakes its redresser. It is equally unredressed when the avenger fails to make himself felt as such to him who has done the wrong† (Poe, 2). Poe used indirect characterization to show the reader that Montresor is an unreliable narrator because he justified hisRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1303 Words   |  6 PagesIn Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† the narrator recalls an extremely significant time in his life, and takes the reader along with him. Throughout the story, one experiences a perfectly planned murder which took place over fifty years ago, and still no one has discovered what truly happened to poor Fortunato as he was chained to a wall in a room that was then closed off, and torched to death due to all the nitre in the walls. As the story goes on, the reader can see some of Poe’s unfortunateRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1076 Words   |  5 PagesThe short story, The Cask of Amontillado, written by Edgar Allan Poe is a story of terror and betrayal. Like many of Poe’s literary works, the story has a dark undertone with a theme of terror and depression. More than half a century ago, Marshall McLuhan argued that though Poe was fascinated by evil, the evil that he had in mind was not that of Calvinism, but that of the split man and the split civilization. In general, McLuhan was right, but in this instance Calvinism, and its God, provided a darkRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe707 Words   |  3 PagesIn the short story of The Ca sk of Amontillado, Edgar Allan Poe writes in first person point of view from the perspective of Montresor who seeks revenge against Fortunato. Montresor began to develop the perfect plan for revenge. During the carnival season, Montresor meets with Fortunato and decides to implement his plan carefully through irony. Poe s story describes the murderer s mind which has lived as a memory of Fortunato s death for fifty years. Poe uses different types of irony and symbolismRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe985 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allen Poe is a well known author of short stories and poetry from the 19th century. He is known especially for his stories of horror and suspense. The Cask of Amontillado is one of his more famous pieces. The story follows the narrator, Montresor, as he exacts revenge on Fortunato. Montressor draws Fortunato into the wine cellar where eventually he chains Fortunato to the wall and encloses him inside it. Throughout the story the narrator continually proves that he is not the most reliable source

Concept Analysis In Nursing - 1158 Words

Application of Concept Analysis to Practice In recent years there has been a movement in nursing to further understand the many terms (concepts) that are used. Concepts in nursing often seem vague or appear to have ambiguous meanings. For the purpose of this paper, we will take a deeper look at one specific concept, emotional intelligence, and examine a peer reviewed article that utilizes the Walker and Avant method to deconstruct the meaning. Emotional intelligence is asks the nurse to look at their own feelings and the feelings of others to achieve a successful nurse-patient interaction. Lastly, this paper will show how emotional intelligence can be applied in practice. Concept for Analysis The nurse-patient interaction is the†¦show more content†¦Next, the authors were to determine defining attributes of emotional intelligence. They concluded there were two defining attributes: 1. Emotional intelligence as the individual trait 2. Emotional intelligence as the ability to understand, express and control emotions of one’s self and others (Yekta Abdolrahimi, 2015). The next steps in the Walker and Avant concept analysis model is to identify scenarios in which the term is used. The authors provide a model case, in which a nurse understands a patient’s concern over their diagnosis, and therefore, adjusts body language, tone and demeanor to suggest a plan of care. In step 6 they identify borderline and contrary scenarios. Yekta and Abdolrahimi suggests a borderline scenario in which a nurse understands a patient may need comfort following a new diagnosis, yet the nurse leaves the patient in the room alone to wait for the provider. The authors then suggest a negative scenario in which a patient receives upsetting news and the nurse, regardless of the diagnosis, provides a disappointing plan of care (Yekta Abdolrahimi, 2015). The remaining two steps of the Walker and Avant concept analysis identifies antecedents and consequences as well as defines empirical references. The article identifies one’s locus of control as the antecedents to emotional intelligence. Although this is not explained well in the article, locus of control is a psychological concept that refers to how strongly people believe theyShow MoreRelatedConcept Analysis : Nursing Analysis1658 Words   |  7 PagesConcept Nursing Analysis The meaning of concept analysis is how nursing â€Å"explores the meaning of concepts to promote understanding† (McEwen, Wills, 2010). Pain continues to be a common problem within health care and one of the most treat problems when seeking medical treatment. The concept analysis consist of several steps to complete the process. The steps of the concept analysis are as follows: â€Å"1. select the concept 2. Determine the aims or purpose of analysis 3. Identify all the uses of theRead MoreConcept Analysis And Identify A Nursing Concept2357 Words   |  10 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to create a concept analysis and identify a nursing concept that is within a nursing theory. A concept analysis is a process where concepts and their characteristics are researched and clarified. The eight steps on conducting a concept analysis include selection of a concept used in a nursing theory, identification of the aims or purposes of the analysis, identification of possible use of the selected concept, determination of defining attributes, identification ofRead MoreNursing Care: A Concept Analysis1297 Words   |  5 PagesConcept analysis in the article Nursing Care: A Concept Analysis In theory development literature, concepts are the building blocks from which one constructs theories. Concepts are the fundamental building blocks for any scientific knowledge in any field, and the purpose of any concept analysis is to spell out the implication of a given concept of interest using a given approach or methodology (Meleis, 2011). The idea of concept analysis relates to the research blueprint of a philosophical inquiryRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Nursing Concepts1213 Words   |  5 Pages Critical Analysis of Nursing Concepts Cathy Chauvin University of Victoria, BC Critical Analysis of Nursing Concepts In this paper, I am going to discuss past and present nursing concepts, and how these theories have evolved. The initial paper by J. Fawcett (1984) describes the fundamental concepts of nursing including person, environment, health and nursing, (Fawcett, 1984 p.84) The author further describes ideas that are discussed and compared by various nursing scholars and how they areRead MoreNursing Theory Concept Analysis : Nursing Theories1357 Words   |  6 PagesNursing Theory Concept Analysis Introduction With the numerous nursing theories that have been established throughout the profession, it has become empirical for nursing professionals to be able to sort through the various concepts and critically analyze the significance for individual practice as well as the profession of nursing as a whole. Nursing theories should be analyzed and investigated for the value before acceptance just as new ideas are reviewed prior to implementation into practice.Read MoreThe Concept Analysis of Stress in the Nursing Field980 Words   |  4 PagesConcept Analysis of Stress: The nursing field is an occupation that is naturally subject to a high degree of stress because professionals in this field deal with grief, suffering, and death cases. The vulnerability to stress in the nursing occupation is also fueled by the fact that several nursing tasks tend to be mundane and unrewarding. In normal standards, nursing tasks range from being distasteful to degrading, disgusting, and frightening. Generally, many visits by patients to health careRead MoreConcept Analysis: Cultural Marginality in Nursing1313 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction 21st century nursing is an evolving, rewarding, but challenging occupation. Unlike nurses in the past, the modern nurses role is not limited to the physicians assistant, but rather takes on a critical partnership role with both doctor and patient. This role is multicimensional: advocate, caregiver, teacher, researcher, counselor, translator, and case manager. Of course, care is of the upmost importance and includes those activities that assist the client physically mentally andRead MoreStaff Satisfaction : Nursing : A Concept Analysis3058 Words   |  13 PagesStaff Satisfaction in Nursing: A Concept Analysis The term staff satisfaction is commonly used in society today. Whether it is in the world of business, economics, healthcare, or other organizational institutions; many evaluations and institutional changes stem from the results of this staff satisfaction. With emphasis on the healthcare industry, staff satisfaction of nurses often affects the way they perform in their care of patients. It may also affect their happiness within the organization andRead MoreConcept Analysis of Caring in Nursing Essay2156 Words   |  9 PagesIt is evident that nursing theorists, scholars and health care professions have varying interpretations of what caring is or should be. In the middle of all these disparity, caring is a vital component of the nursing practice and the key to choosing the concept of caring is because it is very essential when it comes to health care. This paper tries to make clear the concept of caring in the field of nursing and it makes use of the Walker and Avant outline to supp ort the concept. It starts with recognizingRead MoreConcept Analysis : The Theory Of The Science Of Nursing1875 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Concept analysis is a process that many healthcare professionals use in practice daily. It helps when conducting research into the best practices we should be abiding by in order to give the best possible care at all times. Concept derivation from Walker and Avant’s (2011) perspective is often necessary when there are few concepts currently available to a nurse that explain a problem area. It is applicable when a comparison or analogy can be made between one field or area that is conceptually

Theoretical And Methodological Differences -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Theoretical And Methodological Differences? Answer: Introduction: The diagnosis of dementia is associated with great disease burden in elderly population and caring for such patients brings major challenges for health care professionals. This is because it is one of the most serious mental disorders resulting in many challenging medical and psychiatric issues in patient. Due to significant decline in memory, visuo-spatial function, cognitive and social functioning, dementia patients are highly dependent on health care staffs for their care (Wimo et al. 2013). In the context of primary health care system, the problem is that many dementia related complications are not easily recognized by health care professionals resulting in increased risk for patients. Hence, the practice area of specialized dementia care has emerged (Carduff et al. 2014). However, considering several issues faced in caring for dementia patients, it has become an active area of research. In order to implement evidence informed dementia care, researchers are now focusing on resear ch in complex areas of dementia care. One of the important research areas that needs to be researched in the field of dementia care includes the inefficiency of nursing staffs in providing care to dementia patient. As more and more patients are admitted in hospital for dementia related complications, it is necessary to understand the specific challenges that prevent nurse from providing ideal care (Fukuda, Shimizu and Seto 2015). Hence, use of appropriate quantitative or qualitative research methodology would be critical in exploring the challenges faced in extending care to such patients. There might be moral or ethical concerns for health care staffs or some patient related disabilities that might be challenging dementia patient (Strech et al. 2013). Therefore, planning specific research design might help to understand whether staffs faced challenges due to organizational factors or patients related issue or their incompetency in caring for such patients. In response to the research questions of specific challenged fac ing nursing staffs in caring for dementia patient, the main aim of this report is to critically evaluate the effectiveness of qualitative and qualitative methodology in getting answer to health care research question. The qualitative methodology chosen for the research topic is phenomenology as it will help to describe the lived experience of nurses in caring for dementia patient (Corbin, Strauss and Strauss 2014). In case of quantitative methodology, descriptive research design has been chosen as it will give idea about the current competency of nurse in handling dementia patient. Overview of qualitative and quantitative research approaches in health care research Qualitative research approach is a type of interpretative research technique that focuses on describing and translating naturally occurring phenomena in the social world. Unlike quantitative research methodology which is deductive in nature and aim to analyse frequency and trend of any phenomena, the qualitative research methodology gives detailed description and meaning of a phenomenon (Al-Busaidi 2008). Hence, the main purpose of qualitative research approach is to collect and interpret data related to experiences and views of participants regarding a phenomenon. For example, if the research aim is to understand the phenomenon related to factors challenging staffs in dementia care, then employing qualitative method will be appropriate in this situation because it will help to get rich data and understand the collective meaning of the phenomenon in participants life (Silverman 2016). On the whole, it can be said that qualitative research is important to go deeper into the problem an d uncover new thought and opinion about the problem. There are certain specific characteristics of qualitative research methods in the field of health care. Firstly, the researchers interest is to identify the meaning of phenomena related to health care issues and this kind of research is mainly done in the natural setting of participants (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault 2015). Qualitative research methodology has greater validity too because analysis is depended on data collected from in-depth interview or observation. Hence, there are minimum chances of biasness (Noble and Smith 2015). The uniqueness of this approach is that it tries to understand a situation in a particular context and also interprets several interactions within the situation. Another important characteristic of this research is that researcher is the primary instrument for data collection and data analysis as their judgement determines the outcome of research. The third characteristic is that qualitative research favors conducting research in natural setting (Ormston et al. 2014). Lastly, it employs inductive research strategy which means it used the research data to build abstraction, hypothesis or theories instead of testing already existing theory. Phenomenology is also one of the important research methodology used in qualitative research (Alvesson and Skldberg 2017). It also has the same characteristics of investigating about a phenomenon without any causal explanation or comparison with preconceptions or preassumptions (Kafle 2013). In contrast to qualitative research, the main purpose of quantitative research method is statistical analysis of data through polls, questionnaires and surveys. It focuses on determining the relationship between a dependent and independent variable either by means of descriptive or experimental research design (Walter and Andersen 2013). Unlike qualitative research method, quantitative research is done with large sample size and structured research instruments or tools. Clinical trials, surveys with close ended questions and observing and recording well-defined events are main strategies used for quantitative data collection. Use of relevant research tools and quantitative analysis software helps to maintain rigour in research (Brannen 2017). Quantitative research method is considered to have more utility as the research method is easy to replicate thus contributing to high reliability. By the method of classifying important features related to a research topic, numerical data is col lected and statistical models are collected to explain the observation or perceptions of participants (Yilmaz 2013). Critical analysis of quantitative and qualitative methodology for health care research Among different research methodology, one quantitative research method that can be useful in conducting research related to dementia care includes the phenomenology approach. Phenomenology is most commonly used qualitative approach in health care research. The main purpose of phenomenologic inquiry is to analyze peoples perception about a phenomenon and find out their view about specific experience (Khan 2014). The usefulness of this methodology is that it allows researchers to consider a situation from multiple perspectives (Van Manen 2016). For instance, hermeneutic phenomenological approach was used by Tembo, (2015) to evaluate about experience of critical illness in people suffering from chronic illness and cognitive impairment like dementia in the context of daily sedation interruption. Hence, here the main purpose was to get detailed idea about theexperiences of cognitive impairment (phenomenon) and uncover the uniqueness of human experience instead of just focusing on measurem ent and objectivity. The advantage of using this methodology in the research was that it helped to conceptualize lived experience of critically ill patient. The study showed that people had feelings of being disrupted, being blacked out, suffering due to hallucination and inability to remember past things. This was useful in finding out strategies to minimize sufferings of people in ICU. However, certain limitations were also found in the methodology. For example, small sample size was used and this also helped in exploring in detail about the experience of critical illness in patients. From the use of phenomenology approach in above research, it is understood that the methodology is useful in elucidating sufferings of critically ill survivors (Chan, Fung and Chien 2013). The only limitation found in the use of phenomology approach in this research was that it was done only in a single setting. Hence, generalizability might also arise as quality and treatment conditions may not be t he same in all health care facilities. One important characteristics of phenomenology methodology is that it tries to give unified vision regarding the essence of a phenomenon. This indicates the main focus is on description of experiences rather than explanation or analysis of the experience. The benefits of the methodology according to ethical view point is that it gives respect to individual perspective and brings subjectivity in research design. In-depth analysis of phenomenon becomes easier with such method and rich data can be collected to identify the cause or reason behind any specific phenomenon (Pietkiewicz and Smith 2014). This is also evident from a research by (Lok, Gunbayi and Buldukoglu 2015) which used phenomenology approach to study about challenges faced by carers in living with dementia patient. The study was planned in a phenomenological pattern by collecting data from participants by means of semi-structured interview. The cares perspective on taking care of dementia patient was collected and this hel ped in categorization of data into many important domains. For instance, the interview with participants gave details about concept of dementia, experience in providing care to dementia patient, life before health care, coping strategies to manage dementia patient and feelings of relative with dementia. Hence, the research design was successful in identify the perspective related to the phenomenon of caring for dementia patient and solutions to address the challenges could be identified from participants perspective. Hermeneutic phenomenology thus influences pre-existing experience of researchers. However, the research also points out to the weakness of the methodology due to poor validity and reliability issues. This can be said because use of semi-structured interview does not guarantees that real facts are obtained and the participants might be lying too being conscious about the interview (Malcolm et al. 2016) While conducting health care research, choosing and deciding a methodology is a daunting task for researchers. If the aim of research is to evaluate an experience or observe perception of participants, then use of phenomenology is a suitable research approach. The data collected by this approach also offers a theoretical foundation to the research problem (Crowther et al. 2017). This research procedure also enables access to participants personal world and analyzes subjective report of participants. Due to the focus on individual experience, it is highly related to interpretive tradition (Thorne 2016). Hence, this method provides researchers the advantage to critically reflect and analyze the data. Another advantage for researcher is that small sample size is analyzed saving time and hardship involved in collecting and analyzing the research data. This is also evident from the study by Aldridge, Fisher and Laidlaw (2017), who carried out an interpretative phenomenological analysis (I PA) to explore about experience of shame for people with dementia. Semi-structured interview was conducted in six participants with early stage dementia. By the use of IPA as a research design, social emotions and cognitions related to dementia could be identified (Eatough and Smith 2017). In addition, use of only six samples promoted transparency and better analysis of the findings. This research also allowed participants to express their unique experience with special emphasis on interpretation and hermeneutics. In-depth analysis of participants response contributed to four themes related to shame experiences. These four themes included avoidance, negative self-perception, relationship matters and uncertainty and loss of control (Aldridge, Fisher and Laidlaw 2017). Such idea can be useful for staffs implementing psychological therapies in dementia patient. However, apart from strength, the weakness identified in the methodology was that appropriate sample criteria was not taken. I t excluded people experiencing mood difficulties, however taking such sample would have given more idea about the phenomenon of shame. Hence, sample strategy must be chosen with great consideration in this methodology by aligning it with research objective. Several research in the field of dementia care also gives an idea regarding the utility of phenomenology method in improving quality of dementia care. Phenomenology as research paradigm was used in the study by Dupui et al., (2015) to examine how introduction of research based drama on experiences of people living with dementia has impact on understanding of family members with dementia. Informed by phenomenology and use of follow-up telephone interview, the main aim was to explore experience of participants and find out how those experience contributed to personal transformation. The result showed that participants had new awareness and courage to endure and transform practice while caring for dementia patient. The study findings give an idea about the strength of phenomenology in illuminating how people apprehend an experience and act upon those live experiences. However, one major concern associated with this methodology is that there is high likelihood of validity and transferabi lity issue in this research. The limitation found in study by Dupui et al., (2015) was that play may not give specific realities about people living with dementia compared to those people who experience it in reality. Apart from the strength, certain limitations also affect utilization of phenomenology in health care research. For instance, phenomenology research approach relies heaving on subjective data of participants. However, policy makers may give low credibility to such data because of challenges in establishing the reliability and validity of such information (Leung 2015). There is also possibility of biasness because individual perception of participants may be evaluated differently by individual researchers (Cohen, Manion and Morrison 2013). Hence, there is great possibility that same word will be interpreted in different manner and the actual meaning of the phenomena may change. Another disadvantage of using phenomenology in health care research is that the result obtained is highly quantities in nature creating generalizability issues (Parahoo 2014). Due to qualitative nature of research, the practitioners may not able to use the findings in an appropriate manner. Quantitative study: Quantitative research focuses on establishing connection amongst variables described in research. Among the four types of quantitative research design available, the descriptive research design is regarded as useful to gain new insight about phenomenon. The main focus of descriptive research design in quantitative research is to explore the current status of an identified variable (Bowling 2014). The main advantage of this design is that it facilitates systematic generation of data which finally supports researcher in developing a hypothesis. The success of such research design is highly dependent on careful consideration about sampling strategy and method of analysis of each variable used in the research (Creswell 2013). In the field of dementia care, assessment of superimposition of symptoms in dementia patient is an example of descriptive research design. Another strength was that use of validated tool like delirium-o-meter helped to assess superimposition of dementia experience i n elderly people. Limitations found in the methodology was inclusion of small sample size and single center for the study although there was scope to take more larger sample. This affected the rigour as well as the validity of the data (Morandi et al. 2015). Descriptive research design is often confused because it cannot fit in the definition of either quantitative or qualitative research methodology. This research design can be either quantitative or qualitative. In case of quantitative research, descriptive design helps in collection of quantitative information that can be tabulated in numerical form. Such tabulation and depiction of patterns may help to interpret the factors behind a phenomenon (Clause 2014) Survey is the most common method used in descriptive design to collect data from participants. The uniqueness of descriptive research design is that multiple variables can be analyzed at a time to develop a hypothesis. Use of instrument is essential in this research design to collect data in an efficient manner. Some example of tools for descriptive research design includes questionnaires, interviews and observations (Hoy and Adams 2015). Data analysis in such case may be done by the application of descriptive statistics to identi fy variation, central tendency and correlation between each variable. Qualitative research approach with the application of descriptive research design has been found effective in the field of dementia care because of several challenges in conducting qualitative research with dementia patient. As dementia patient suffers from memory decline, cognitive impairment and poor decision making skills, fulfilling ethical requirements while conducting research will become difficult (Mitchell et al. 2014). For instance, when planning qualitative study with dementia patient, communication challenges and issues in taking informed consent for research may arise (Beuscher and Grando 2009). Hence, quantitative research design helps to overcome some of the challenges. Another advantage of descriptive research design is that here researchers can easily take large sample size which was not possible in qualitative research design. This is mainly because numeric data is analyzed to interpret key variables in research. Descriptive research methodology has caught attention of researchers as it provides the facility of observing participants in natural setting instead of replicating the whole research in a new setting (Vaismoradi, Turunen and Bondas 2013). Another strength of descriptive research is that it act as a precursor to future research as the method supports identifying key variable that can be tested. This is found particularly useful in health care research because in such research many variable causing health issues is not known and descriptive research design supports researcher to identify specific variables that has an impact on the health issues (Gravetter and Wallnau 2016). This can be further explained with example from a research done in the field of dementia care. For example, Leite et al. (2017) used a cross-sectional descriptive methodology to study about vulnerability in caregivers of elderly dementia patients. Hence, before the research, it was not clear what factors contributed to vulnerability for caregivers. However, by the use of descriptive study with quantitative approach and conducting structured interview with caregivers, important variable contributing to risk for caregiver could be identified. The researcher used two instruments such as the socio-demographic questionnaire and the Zarit scale to identify profile of caregiver and measure their burden from care respectively. The analysis of the interview data revealed that about 62% participants experience overburden while caring for dementia patient. The reason for this was impaired performance, unbalanced care and deficits in skills for care of the elderly. Hence, this gave the evidence regarding the variable that contributes to vulnerability for ca re giver. Apart from strength, health care researchers must also be aware of certain weakness of descriptive research methodology and adopt strategies accordingly to overcome these issues. The first limitation is that there is high chance of researcher biasness in this type of research because there is a possibility that subjects may not be truthful when they know they are being observed (Neuman 2016). Another issue that may arise is that there might be possibility of error when those data are ignored by researcher which is not congruent with the research hypothesis (Richey and Klein 2014). Hence, descriptive research can be reliable but validity might be questioned. Conclusion: The essay gave insight into the importance of different research approaches in investigating about important research topics in the field of dementia care. The essay focused on critically analyzing one quantitative and one qualitative research methodology that is useful in investigating about health care related issues. Qualitative research mainly focus on exploring experience of participants related to a phenomenon and phenomenology methodology was mainly described to understand how it has helped to improve quality of care for dementia patient. The strength of phenomenology was the advantage of in-depth analysis of participants experience in any target setting and this helped to identify areas of improvement. In addition, in case of quantitative research approach, descriptive research design was found useful in identify useful variable that can have an impact on the phenomenon. In both type of research methods, some validity and generalizability issues was identified due to research ers judgment in analyzing the data and issues related to selection of reliable research tools for research. In future, it is recommended that research put special emphasis on selecting such sampling strategy or research tools that can be easily replicated and applied by health care professionals in real setting. Reference Al-Busaidi, Z.Q., (2008) Qualitative research and its uses in health care Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal,8(1), p.11, [accessed date]: Retrieved 1 December 2017, from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3087733/ Aldridge, H., Fisher, P. and Laidlaw, K., (2017), Experiences of shame for people with dementia: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, Dementia, p.1471301217732430, Accessed date: 1st December, 2017, from: https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/65103/1/Accepted_manuscript.pdf Aldridge, H., Fisher, P., and Laidlaw, K. (2017) Experiences of shame for people with dementia: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, Dementia, 1471301217732430, Retrieved 1 December 2017, from: https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/65103/1/Accepted_manuscript.pdf Alvesson, M. and Skldberg, K., (2017) Reflexive methodology: New vistas for qualitative research, Sage, Retrieved 1 December 2017, from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14767333.2012.656893?journalCode=calr20 Beuscher, L. and Grando, V.T., (2009) Challenges in conducting qualitative research with individuals with dementia, Research in Gerontological nursing,2(1), pp.6-11, available: doi:10.3928/19404921-20090101-04 Bowling, A., (2014)Research methods in health: investigating health and health services, McGraw-Hill Education (UK), Retrieved 1 December 2017, from: https://www.mheducation.co.uk/openup/chapters/0335206433.pdf Brannen, J. ed., (2017) Mixing methods: Qualitative and quantitative research Routledge, Retrieved 1 December 2017, from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=YSIuDwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PT6dq=Mixing+methods:+Qualitative+and+quantitative+researchots=rST1H8RcPXsig=OOXcyxBGDkeKFaThNAYuBu0Ut28#v=onepageq=Mixing%20methods%3A%20Qualitative%20and%20quantitative%20researchf=false Carduff, E., Finucane, A., Kendall, M., Jarvis, A., Harrison, N., Greenacre, J. and Murray, S.A., (2014) Understanding the barriers to identifying carers of people with advanced illness in primary care: triangulating three data sources. BMC family practice,15, p.48, available: doi:10.1186/1471-2296-15-48 Chan, Z.C., Fung, Y.L. and Chien, W.T., (2013), Bracketing in phenomenology: only undertaken in the data collection and analysis process?, The Qualitative Report,18(30), p.1, Retrieved 1 December 2017, from:https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1486context=tqr Clause, C., (2014), Descriptive research design: Definition, example types,Educational Portal Video Lessons. Retrieved on April,12, p.2014. Cohen, L., Manion, L. and Morrison, K., (2013)Research methods in education, Routledge, Retrieved 1 December 2017, from: https://dspace.utamu.ac.ug/bitstream/123456789/182/1/Research-Methods-in-Education-sixth-edition.pdf Corbin, J., Strauss, A. and Strauss, A.L., (2014)Basics of qualitative research, Sage, Retrieved 1 December 2017, from: https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/cjuce-rcepu/index.php/cjuce-rcepu/article/viewFile/9688/7644 Creswell, J.W., (2013) Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches, Sage publications. Retrieved 1 December 2017, from: https://www.ceil-conicet.gov.ar/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Creswell-Cap-10.pdf Crowther, S., Ironside, P., Spence, D. and Smythe, L., (2017) Crafting stories in hermeneutic phenomenology research: A methodological device, Qualitative health research,27(6), pp.826-835, available: https://dx.prg/10.1177/1049732316656161 Dupuis, S.L., Mitchell, G.J., Jonas-Simpson, C.M., Whyte, C.P., Gillies, J.L. and Carson, J.D., (2015) Igniting transformative change in dementia care through research-based drama, The Gerontologist,56(6), pp.1042-1052, available: https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnv062 Eatough, V. and Smith, J.A., (2017) Interpretative phenomenological analysis, The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research in Psychology, p.193. Fukuda, R., Shimizu, Y. and Seto, N., (2015) Issues experienced while administering care to patients with dementia in acute care hospitals: A study based on focus group interviews, International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being,10(1), p.25828, available: https://doi.org/10.3402/qhw.v10.25828 Gravetter, F.J. and Wallnau, L.B., (2016) Statistics for the behavioral sciences, Cengage Learning, Retrieved 1 December 2017, from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=ZCNTCwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Statistics+for+the+behavioral+sciences%E2%80%99ots=hCyw-atsVYsig=J1o-MQS1Sm8gaprUTxVuwWieBYg#v=onepageq=Statistics%20for%20the%20behavioral%20sciences%E2%80%99f=false Hoy, W.K. and Adams, C.M., (2015), Quantitative research in education: A primer, Sage Publications, Retrieved 1 December 2017, from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=ulkdCAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PT8dq=Quantitative+research+in+education:+A+primerots=3gT7ndU0NVsig=XbxLavlZevqUE7J32NOk2gMo6dA#v=onepageq=Quantitative%20research%20in%20education%3A%20A%20primerf=false Kafle, N.P., (2013) Hermeneutic phenomenological research method simplified, Bodhi: An Interdisciplinary Journal,5(1), pp.181-200, Retrieved 1 December 2017, from: https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/BOHDI/article/viewFile/8053/6556 Khan, S.N., (2014) Qualitative research method-phenomenology., Asian Social Science,10(21), p.298, Retrieved 1 December 2017, from: file:///C:/Users/User00/Downloads/41811-143443-1-SM.pdf Leite, B.S., Camacho, A.C.L.F., Joaquim, F.L., Gurgel, J.L., Lima, T.R. and Queiroz, R.S.D., (2017), Vulnerability of caregivers of the elderly with dementia: a cross-sectional descriptive study, Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem,70(4), pp.682-688, available: https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0579 Leung, L., (2015) Validity, reliability, and generalizability in qualitative research, Journal of family medicine and primary care,4(3), p.324, available: doi:10.4103/2249-4863.161306 Lok, N., Gunbayi, I. and Buldukoglu, K., (2015) Living With A Person Who Has Dementia: A Study of Phenomenology, JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC NURSING,6(2), pp.91-99, available: 10.5505/phd.2015.54376 Malcolm, L., Mein, G., Jones, A., Talbot-Rice, H., Maddocks, M. and Bristowe, K., (2016) Strength in numbers: patient experiences of group exercise within hospice palliative care, BMC palliative care,15(1), p.97, Retrieved 1 December 2017, from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12904-016-0173-9 Mitchell, A.J., Beaumont, H., Ferguson, D., Yadegarfar, M. and Stubbs, B., (2014) Risk of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in older people with subjective memory complaints: meta?analysis, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica,130(6), pp.439-451, available: doi:10.1111/acps.12336 Morandi, A., Lucchi, E., Turco, R., Morghen, S., Guerini, F., Santi, R., Gentile, S., Meagher, D., Voyer, P., Fick, D. and Schmitt, E.M., (2015) Delirium superimposed on dementia: A quantitative and qualitative evaluation of patient experience, Journal of psychosomatic research,79(4), pp.281-287, available: doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.07.010 Neuman, W.L., (2016),Understanding research, Pearson, Retrieved 1 December 2017. Noble, H. and Smith, J., (2015) Issues of validity and reliability in qualitative research, Evidence-Based Nursing, pp.ebnurs-2015, available: https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/eb-2015-102054 Ormston, R., Spencer, L., Barnard, M. and Snape, D., (2014), The foundations of qualitative research,Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers,2, Retrieved 1 December 2017, from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=EQSIAwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PA1dq=The+foundations+of+qualitative+researchots=l_QOgoYr0Ksig=mfNuKYsz6hWVORNQWhCyekwv-6c#v=onepageq=The%20foundations%20of%20qualitative%20researchf=false Parahoo, K., (2014), Nursing research: principles, process and issues, Palgrave Macmillan, Retrieved 1 December 2017, from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=5ti3AwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Nursing+research:+principles,+process+and+issues%E2%80%99ots=RBuBUtLiDYsig=8lSHSMfI0xbRfIRrVpvGmBTFgOo#v=onepageq=Nursing%20research%3A%20principles%2C%20process%20and%20issues%E2%80%99f=false Pietkiewicz, I. and Smith, J.A., (2014) A practical guide to using interpretative phenomenological analysis in qualitative research psychology, Psychological Journal,20(1), pp.7-14, available: DOI: 10.14691/CPPJ.20.1.7 Richey, R.C. and Klein, J.D., (2014) Design and development research: Methods, strategies, and issues Routledge, Retrieved 1 December 2017, from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=3PkJBAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Design+and+development+research:+Methods,+strategies,+and+issuesots=VWU9rCjWxGsig=Zpt1NwZWsycUhw8HQtaO8CDATlA#v=onepageq=Design%20and%20development%20research%3A%20Methods%2C%20strategies%2C%20and%20issuesf=false Silverman, D. ed., (2016), Qualitative research, Sage, Retrieved 1 December 2017, from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=9FALDAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Qualitative+research%E2%80%99ots=9n8zit6v4Esig=6KnMuHakscg1QVsCxX8HQgjFoAQ#v=onepageq=Qualitative%20research%E2%80%99f=false Strech, D., Mertz, M., Knppel, H., Neitzke, G. and Schmidhuber, M., (2013) The full spectrum of ethical issues in dementia care: systematic qualitative review, The British Journal of Psychiatry,202(6), pp.400-406, available: doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.112.116335, Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., (2015) Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource, John Wiley Sons, Retrieved 1 December 2017, from: https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?hl=enas_sdt=1%2C5as_ylo=2013q=Introduction+to+qualitative+research+methods%3A+A+guidebook+and+resourcebtnG= Tembo, A.C., (2015) The experience of cognitive impairment in critically ill patients in and beyond intensive care: findings from a larger phenomenological study, Journal of Nursing,2(1), p.1, available: DOI :https://dx.doi.org/10.7243/2056-9157-2-1 Thorne, S., (2016) Interpretive description: Qualitative research for applied practice, (Vol. 2). Routledge, Retrieved 1 December 2017, from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=QRsFDAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Interpretive+description:+Qualitative+research+for+applied+practice%E2%80%99ots=KaDOu-ohvwsig=gShmAbDBRnM6fl9OhHb0qiYSHuI#v=onepageq=Interpretive%20description%3A%20Qualitative%20research%20for%20applied%20practice%E2%80%99f=false Vaismoradi, M., Turunen, H. and Bondas, T., (2013) Content analysis and thematic analysis: Implications for conducting a qualitative descriptive study, Nursing health sciences,15(3), pp.398-405, available: doi: 10.1111/nhs.12048 Vaismoradi, M., Turunen, H. and Bondas, T., (2013), Content analysis and thematic analysis: Implications for conducting a qualitative descriptive study, Nursing health sciences,15(3), pp.398-405, available: doi: 10.1111/nhs.12048 Van Manen, M., (2016), Phenomenology of practice: Meaning-giving methods in phenomenological research and writing, Routledge, Retrieved 1 December 2017, from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=caUYDQAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PT11dq=Phenomenology+of+practice:+Meaning-giving+methods+in+phenomenological+research+and+writing%E2%80%99ots=aDLXpluLIdsig=2Wa2b0xkcjaH6kN7UzPTjRItlBc#v=onepageq=Phenomenology%20of%20practice%3A%20Meaning-giving%20methods%20in%20phenomenological%20research%20and%20writing%E2%80%99f=false Walter, M. and Andersen, C., (2013) Indigenous statistics: A quantitative research methodology, Left Coast Press, Retrieved 1 December 2017, from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=ycP_AAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PA5dq=Indigenous+statistics:+A+quantitative+research+methodologyots=NLbVXfz9Xzsig=1p2ZhPbFHNCDs3LJH8TLaVcaplM#v=onepageq=Indigenous%20statistics%3A%20A%20quantitative%20research%20methodologyf=false Wimo, A., Jnsson, L., Bond, J., Prince, M., Winblad, B. and International, A.D., (2013) The worldwide economic impact of dementia 2010, Alzheimer's Dementia,9(1), pp.1-11, available: DOI:https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2012.11.006 Yilmaz, K., (2013) Comparison of quantitative and qualitative research traditions: Epistemological, theoretical, and methodological differences, European Journal of Education,48(2), pp.311-325, Accessed date: 1st December, 2017, from: https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/46950224/Comparison_of_Quantitative_and_Qualitative.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3AExpires=1512124987Signature=TkoT1Dx8zD1rOEvMA2kE434BjyQ%3Dresponse-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D

Literature Review Research Paper Example

Literature Review Paper You may wish to write on a broad topic such as en of the chapter or lecture topics, or you may refine this down to any aspect or particular issue within these topics. The only restriction is the topic must come from the unit content. How many references do you expect? A literature review is a scholarly review of a body of work. That means you need to use a comprehensive range of peer reviewed literature. When you undertake a data base search you can refine the results requesting scholarly articles only. If you are uncertain as to what this term means or where to find scholarly peer reviewed articles in your search, please talk with a librarian. Generally speaking one reference per 100-200 words would be appropriate so a 2000 word literature review would have between 10-20 references. In addition, your references should come from Journal articles rather than text books. One text is usually sufficient, and few if any internet sources. What referencing style do you expect? I do not mind whether you use PAP or Harvard as long as you are consistent. The following link provides an explanation and examples of these styles: https:// www. Citrate. Quit. Du. AU/What is a literature review? A literature review is a critical analysis of published sources, or literature, on a particular topic. It is an assessment of the literature and provides a summary, classification, comparison and evaluation. The literature review is generally in the format of a standard essay made up of three components: an introduction, a body and a conclusion. We will write a custom essay sample on Literature Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Literature Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Literature Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer What is the purpose off literature review? N writing the literature review, the purpose is to convey to the reader what knowledge and ideas have previously been established on a topic and their strengths and weaknesses, even their particular issues in application. Many people suggest that a literature review is not done in the real world. YES it is! Just in a slightly different form. Any substantial or effective report on any topic requires the writer to put in some information (usually in a section near the beginning) about what other people have found, are doing, through a review of the offerings in the literature. Does a literature review follow any particular structure? The following structure addresses the key requirements of a literature review: Introduction (identifying your topic and the general structure of your review). Should not exceed 10% of word count. Identify key authors (seminal work in the area) Present an overview of your topic Identify main issues, findings and common themes or trends. Identify research/ authors that support a particular position Identify that research which offers different alternatives Present the current debates on these issues. What are the findings of current research? Did they support existing theory? Did they challenge existing theory? Did they contribute to a new paradigm? What are the strengths/limitations of the research? Make recommendations for future research OR acknowledge the implications for anthropometry human resource practice Brief conclusion Tips on structure A common error in literature reviews is for writers to present material from one author, followed by information from another, then another. The way in which you group authors and link ideas will help avoid this problem. To group authors who draw similar conclusions, you can use linking words such as: also additionally again similarly When authors disagree, linking words that indicate contrast will show how you have analyses their work. Words such as: however conversely on the other hand nonetheless indicate to your reader how you have analyses the material. At other times you may want to qualify an authors work (using such words as specifically, usually or generally) or use an example (thus, namely, to illustrate). In this way you ensure that you are synthesizing the material, not Just describing the work already carried out in your field. Tips on writing In a literature review you must paraphrase literature and reference the source. You should not use more than two direct quotes. You must not copy literature word for word- this is plagiarism. What is plagiarism? Plagiarism is the act of misrepresenting someone elses work as your own. It basically means that you: copy word for word without using quotation marks and citing the source summaries/paraphrase without referencing use/develop someone elses idea without referencing it use experimental results, research data, statistics and so on without referencing the source paraphrase too closely to the original (even if the source is cited) I have never written a literature review before. What should I do? Dont be intimidated by the concept of writing a literature review. This unit is a foundation unit. Writing a literature review is a key skill and activities are designed to develop your abilities in information retrieval; critical analysis; and evaluation; in units throughout the program. You may make an appointment for individual consultation with the language and learning advisor in the School. Language and Learning support in IQ-JET Business School for all students: Post Graduate Student Learning advisers IQ-JET Business School provides additional language and learning support for students whose first language is not English. This helps you to develop the language and academic skills you need to succeed in your studies at IQ-JET. The Language and Learning Advisor (LA) in the school of Management is Julie Massive (JAZZ). Please see the administration staff at the counter on the 9th floor of Z Block to arrange an appointment to meet the learning advisor. The Blackboard site provides resources and further information. You can also find links and resources to help you develop your academic English at the IQ-JET Business School Language and Learning Support Blackboard site which is now available to all students and staff through the community Blackboard. Other useful resources https://www. Dwelled. Library. Quit. Du. AU/ https://owl. English. Purdue. Du/owl/ What sort of language is used in a literature review? The following is an excerpt from a (500) word literature review and provides an example of the language used: Expectancy theory is one of many systematic explanations dealing with employee motivation. Developed by Victor Broom in 1964 and later expanded upon by Porter and Lawyer in 1968, expectancy theory is based on the premise that the amount of effort expended by employees on a task is dependent on the nature, amount or attractiveness of the reward s/he expects to chive in return (Dublin, Dahlias Miller, 2006). Expectancy theory stipulates that an individuals propensity to act in a certain way is determined by three key factors (Bartok, Teen, Matthews, ; Sahara, 2008). These are perceptions of expectancy, instrumentality and valence, each representing a distinct relationship (Broom, 1964). Motivational Force (MFC) can be calculated through the use of the formula MFC=E x I x V. Since the three factors are multiplied, a change in any one will have a significant effect on an individuals motivational state (Isaac, Zero Pit, 001). Put simply, the international chain can only be as strong as its weakest link. As a process theory of motivation, expectancy theory describes a decision making process based on subjective perceptions of external interactions (Fudge Clatters, 1999). Thus, extrinsic motivators are used to explain why workers engage in certain behaviors (Shaming, 1990). It is therefore assumed that individuals make conscious decisions to maximize self interests. Expectancy refers to the perceived relationship between the effort contributed to a task and the level of performance achieved as a result (Broom, 1964). However, it can be weakened by the effect of external factors (such as favoritism or bias) on performance levels (Robbins, Judge, Millet, Waters-Marsh, 2008). Similarly, instrumentality depicts the relationship between a specified level of performance and a reward or outcome (Friedman, Cox Maier, 2008). A perceived lack of correlation between these factors will result in low motivation (Robins et al. , 2008). Valence is the personal value or attractiveness of a reward, established through reference to an individuals goals (Lawyer ; Settle, 1973). Literature Review Research Paper Example Literature Review Paper You may wish to write on a broad topic such as en of the chapter or lecture topics, or you may refine this down to any aspect or particular issue within these topics. The only restriction is the topic must come from the unit content. How many references do you expect? A literature review is a scholarly review of a body of work. That means you need to use a comprehensive range of ‘peer reviewed’ literature. When you undertake a data base search you can refine the results requesting scholarly articles only. If you are uncertain as to what this term means or where to find scholarly peer reviewed articles in your search, please talk with a librarian. Generally speaking one reference per 100-200 words would be appropriate so a 2000 word literature review would have between 10-20 references. In addition, your references should come from Journal articles rather than text books. One text is usually sufficient, and few if any internet sources. What referencing style do you expect? I do not mind whether you use PAP or Harvard as long as you are consistent. The following link provides an explanation and examples of these styles: https:// www. Citrate. Quit. Du. AU/What is a literature review? A literature review is a critical analysis of published sources, or literature, on a particular topic. It is an assessment of the literature and provides a summary, classification, comparison and evaluation. The literature review is generally in the format of a standard essay made up of three components: an introduction, a body and a conclusion. What is the purpose off literature review? N writing the literature review, the purpose is to convey to the reader what knowledge and ideas have previously been established on a topic and their strengths and weaknesses, even their particular issues in application. Many people suggest that a literature review is not done in the ‘real world’. YES it is! Just in a slightly different form. We will write a custom essay sample on Literature Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Literature Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Literature Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Any substantial or effective report on any topic requires the writer to put in some information (usually in a section near the beginning) about what other people have found, are doing, through a review of the offerings in the literature. Does a literature review follow any particular structure? The following structure addresses the key requirements of a literature review: Introduction (identifying your topic and the general structure of your review). Should not exceed 10% of word count. Identify key authors (seminal work in the area) Present an overview of your topic Identify main issues, findings and common themes or trends. Identify research/ authors that support a particular position Identify that research which offers different alternatives Present the current debates on these issues. What are the findings of current research? Did they support existing theory? Did they challenge existing theory? Did they contribute to a new paradigm? What are the strengths/limitations of the research? Make recommendations for future research OR acknowledge the implications for anthropometry human resource practice Brief conclusion Tips on structure A common error in literature reviews is for writers to present material from one author, followed by information from another, then another†¦. The way in which you group authors and link ideas will help avoid this problem. To group authors who draw similar conclusions, you can use linking words such as: also additionally again similarly When authors disagree, linking words that indicate contrast will show how you have analyses their work. Words such as: however conversely on the other hand nonetheless indicate to your reader how you have analyses the material. At other times you may want to qualify an author’s work (using su ch words as specifically, usually or generally) or use an example (thus, namely, to illustrate). In this way you ensure that you are synthesizing the material, not Just describing the work already carried out in your field. Tips on writing In a literature review you must paraphrase literature and reference the source. You should not use more than two direct quotes. You must not copy literature word for word- this is plagiarism. What is plagiarism? Plagiarism is the act of misrepresenting someone else’s work as your own. It basically means that you: copy word for word without using quotation marks and citing the source summaries/paraphrase without referencing use/develop someone else’s idea without referencing it use experimental results, research data, statistics and so on without referencing the source paraphrase too closely to the original (even if the source is cited) I have never written a literature review before. What should I do? Don’t be intimidated by the concept of writing a literature review. This unit is a foundation unit. Writing a literature review is a key skill and activities are designed to develop your abilities in information retrieval; critical analysis; and evaluation; in units throughout the program. You may make an appointment for individual consultation with the language and learning advisor in the School. Language and Learning support in IQ-JET Business School for all students: Post Graduate Student Learning advisers IQ-JET Business School provides additional language and learning support for students whose first language is not English. This helps you to develop the language and academic skills you need to succeed in your studies at IQ-JET. The Language and Learning Advisor (LA) in the school of Management is Julie Massive (JAZZ). Please see the administration staff at the counter on the 9th floor of Z Block to arrange an appointment to meet the learning advisor. The Blackboard site provides resources and further information. You can also find links and resources to help you develop your academic English at the IQ-JET Business School Language and Learning Support Blackboard site which is now available to all students and staff through the community Blackboard. Other useful resources https://www. Dwelled. Library. Quit. Du. AU/ https://owl. English. Purdue. Du/owl/ What sort of language is used in a literature review? The following is an excerpt from a (500) word literature review and provides an example of the language used: Expectancy theory is one of many systematic explanations dealing with employee motivation. Developed by Victor Broom in 1964 and later expanded upon by Porter and Lawyer in 1968, expectancy theory is based on the premise that the amount of effort expended by employees on a task is dependent on the nature, amount or attractiveness of the reward s/he expects to chive in return (Dublin, Dahlias Miller, 2006). Expectancy theory stipulates that an individual’s propensity to act in a certain way is determined by three key factors (Bartok, Teen, Matthews, ; Sahara, 2008). These are perceptions of expectancy, instrumentality and valence, each representing a distinct relationship (Broom, 1964). Motivational Force (MFC) can be calculated through the use of the formula MFC=E x I x V. Since the three factors are multiplied, a change in any one will have a significant effect on an individual’s motivational state (Isaac, Zero Pit, 001). Put simply, the international chain can only be as strong as its weakest link. As a process theory of motivation, expectancy theory describes a decision making process based on subjective perceptions of external interactions (Fudge Clatters, 1999). Thus, extrinsic motivators are used to explain why workers engage in certain behaviors (Shaming, 1990). It is therefore assumed that individuals make conscious decisions to maximize self interests. Expectancy refers to the perceived relationship between the effort contributed to a task and the level of performance achieved as a result (Broom, 1964). However, it can be weakened by the effect of external factors (such as favoritism or bias) on performance levels (Robbins, Judge, Millet, Waters-Marsh, 2008). Similarly, instrumentality depicts the relationship between a specified level of performance and a reward or outcome (Friedman, Cox Maier, 2008). A perceived lack of correlation between these factors will result in low motivation (Robins et al. , 2008). Valence is the personal value or attractiveness of a reward, established through reference to an individual’s goals (Lawyer ; Settle, 1973).